Palavras-chave
Terapia por pressão negativa
Fístula
Como Citar
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Resumo
Objetivo: Analisar as evidências científicas sobre o manejo do abdome aberto com terapia por pressão negativa, com ênfase nos critérios de fechamento fascial, na relaparotomia/reabordagem e nas complicações infecciosas associadas. Métodos: Trata-se de revisão integrativa, descritiva e qualitativa, realizada nas bases PubMed/MEDLINE e SciELO, com busca de estudos publicados entre 2016 e 2026. Foram incluídos estudos em humanos, disponíveis na íntegra, nos idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol, relacionados ao abdome aberto, fechamento abdominal temporário, terapia por pressão negativa, fechamento fascial, relaparotomia, fístulas e complicações infecciosas. Resultados: Foram identificados 232 registros, dos quais 30 estudos compuseram a amostra final. Os achados indicaram que a terapia por pressão negativa é relevante para o fechamento abdominal temporário, especialmente quando associada a técnicas dinâmicas de tração fascial. O prolongamento do abdome aberto, múltiplas reabordagens, sepse persistente, isquemia intestinal e ressecções associaram-se a piores desfechos. Conclusão: O manejo do abdome aberto deve ser individualizado, protocolizado e orientado pelo controle da fonte, proteção visceral e fechamento fascial precoce.
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