Abstract
Objective: To explain the changes in the human intestinal microbiome associated with the consumption of wheat and cow's milk. Methods: A literature review of scientific articles published from 2001 to 2018 on the Scielo, Lilacs and Pubmed platforms, using the descriptors intestinal microbiota, gluten, wheat and milk. Results: High exposure to wheat and milk can cause pictures of intestinal dysbiosis, such as celiac disease - which is characterized by an inflammatory reaction that leads to the flattening of intestinal microvilliades and the stretching of intestinal secretory cells, crypts - or even lactose intolerance - which is recognized by the insufficiency or even total absence of the action of the enzyme lactase, thus preventing the absorption of lactose. Conclusions: The nutritional treatment in celiac disease comprises in a diet that mainly restricts the intake of wheat, while in lactose intolerance, it initially consists of the suspension of the intake of milk and milk products, and then the gradual reintroduction until an identification of the quantity tolerated by the organism. For the control of both dysbioses, the literature also indicates the ingestion of symbiotics, however, as health research progresses progressively, new discoveries will emerge about effective treatments.