Keywords
Hirsutism
Infertility
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the characteristics of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). Bibliographic review: PCOS affects women of all races and ethnicities of reproductive age with prevalence rates as high as 21% reported in a variety of populations The etiology of PCOS is poorly understood, although PCOS is considered a complex, polygenic genetic trait. The pathogenesis of PCOS usually involves insulin resistance, which leads to various cardiometabolic abnormalities (e.g., dyslipidemia, hypertension, glucose intolerance, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome), putting women at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Final considerations: PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Its diagnosis is based on the presence of clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism and ovarian dysfunction defined as menstrual abnormalities (anovulatory oligomenorrhea) or/and the presence of polycystic ovary morphology on ultrasound. Treatment of PCOS is based on lifestyle change with weight loss for obese women. In addition, combined oral contraceptives and metformin may be given to control symptoms of hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance.
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