Keywords
Hyperthermia
Anesthesiology
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the characteristics of Malignant Hyperthermia (MH). Bibliographic review: MH is a rare anesthetic emergency. It is a life-threatening pharmacogenetic disease of skeletal muscles that presents as an exaggerated hypermetabolic response to volatile anesthetic agents and depolarizing muscle relaxants. Clinical signs of hypermetabolism, including hypercapnia, tachycardia, and generalized muscle rigidity, followed by hyperthermia, metabolic and respiratory acidosis, hyperkalemia, and resulting arrhythmia or cardiac arrest. This reaction occurs in individuals with a certain genetic predisposition. As susceptible patients do not show phenotypic changes before anesthesia, it is impossible to diagnose them before exposure or before performing specific tests. Final considerations: Malignant hyperthermia is a rare, possibly lethal, pharmacogenetic disorder of skeletal muscle involving the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals who have a hypermetabolic response to certain volatile anesthetics (such as halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane, enflurane), alone or together with a depolarizing muscle relaxant (specifically, succinylcholine). Dantrolene is the drug of choice in these cases and should be readily available in the operating room.
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