Keywords
Vitamin K
Newborn
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Abstract
Objective: To review the hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, the different prophylaxis schemes with vitamin K that exist, and their impact on the morbidity and mortality of newborns due to parental refusal. Bibliographic review: Newborns are at greater risk of developing bleeding due to some peculiarities, such as poor placental transfer to the fetus during prenatal care, reduced vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, and lower storage capacity. Vitamin K deficiency bleeding can be categorized based on time of onset (early, classic, and late) and etiology (idiopathic or secondary). Given this, since 1961, the American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended the administration of a single intramuscular (IM) injection at a dose of 0.5 to 1.0 mg of vitamin K after birth to all newborns. Although this prophylaxis is universally recommended, it has been observed that prevention using the oral route has become more widespread due to increasing parental refusal in recent decades. Final considerations: It was verified that the traditional intramuscular method still has lower rates of late bleeding and, consequently, lower morbidity and mortality compared to oral therapy.
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