Keywords
Proctology
General Surgery
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the characteristics of Hemorrhoidal Disease (HD). Bibliographic Review: Hemorrhoids are the distal prolapse of the arteriovenous bundle, muscle fibers and surrounding connective tissue as an envelope below the dentate line in the anal canal. These are one of the main causes of lower gastrointestinal bleeding and the most common anorectal pathology, with a prevalence of up to 40% in the general population, with the highest incidence observed in patients between 45 and 65 years. Pathophysiology is multifactorial, including: sliding anal pad; hyperperfusion of the hemorrhoidal plexus; vascular abnormality; tissue inflammation; and internal rectal prolapse (rectal redundancy). Final considerations: HD is a condition that decreases the quality of life of individuals, being associated with conditions that cause increased pressure in the hemorrhoidal venous plexus, such as straining during defecation, pregnancy, anal sex, cirrhosis with ascites, dysfunction pelvic floor and low-fiber diet and the Western habit of spending more time defecating due to reading during the act or using the cell phone. In this context, treatment is carried out according to the severity of the hemorrhoid and may be conservative or surgical.
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