Keywords
Endocrinology
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the characteristics of Cushing Syndrome (CS). Bibliographic review: CS is caused by prolonged exposure to high circulating levels of cortisol. Most cases of CS are mediated exogenously, through the administration of glucocorticoids. Endogenous CS is much rarer and has an annual incidence of 3 cases per 1,000,000 individuals. Endogenous CS occurs by mechanisms dependent or independent of the hormone adrenocorticotropin (ACTH). Common SC features include centripetal fat deposition, abdominal striae, facial plethora, muscle atrophy, loss of bone density, immunosuppression, and cardiovascular complications. Final considerations: CS is a serious health problem with musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric complications. Its diagnosis is made through clinical suspicion and screening tests: 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test, nocturnal salivary cortisol or high free urinary cortisol. The treatment of choice for CS is surgical resection of the primary lesion that led to excess cortisol. In addition, pharmacological options can be used in cases in which there is surgical contraindication or as an adjuvant to the operative method.
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