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Keywords
animal models
systematic review
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Abstract
Objective: To investigate in the literature animal models used for research with the Zika virus in which there is the possibility of quantification of viral load and histopathological analysis. Methods: This is a systematic review written in accordance with the guidelines of the PRISMA method (2020). The authors performed the initial search for articles on PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, LILACS, and Scielo. Result: Initially, 735 articles were found, 27 of which included after evaluation according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Mice and non-human primates were the most used species (88.89% of the studies). The most frequent viral strain was PRVABC59 (Porto Rico, 2015), and in 77.78% of the studies, the virus was inoculated subcutaneously. Among the most reported clinical signs are conjunctivitis/ocular discharge, paralysis of the lower limbs, lethargy and hunched posture. Histopathological analyzes were performed mainly in the brain, and the presence of inflammatory infiltrate and cellular degeneration were the most common alterations. Final considerations: All animal models analyzed showed relevant clinical manifestations of Zika virus infection. However, most studies investigate brain damage, not characterizing histopathological damage in other organs. Furthermore, considering the wide biodiversity of species, new animal models can be investigated.
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