Keywords
Genetics
Diet
Risk factors
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the genetic and environmental factors associated with Nephrolithiasis (NL). Methods: Integrative review, outlined by the PICO strategy, the survey was carried out in the MEDLINE and PUBMED databases. The following descriptors were used: "Nephrolitiasis", "Genetics", "Diet" and "Exercises". The inclusion criteria were: full articles, in the last 5 years, with methodology according to the proposed objective. A total of 92 articles were selected. and 23 were selected. Results: High Body mass index (BMI) and high intake of calcium and protein have been found to increase the risk of LN, while the DASH diet (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension), fruits and vegetables, reduce the risk. The consumption of alcoholic beverages was sometimes identified as a protector, sometimes as a risk factor. Thyroid, cardiovascular, metabolic diseases and renal tubular acidosis and the genes and polymorphisms: rs1056628 and C1562T were related to LN: MMP9 gene, rs6776158 and rs7627468: CaSR gene, rs35747824: PDILT gene, rs6667242 and rs1256328: ALPL gene, rs1544935 in KCNK5, rs7328064 in DGKH, rs13041834 in BCAS1, rs182089527: PDE1A gene, and the alpha-2-MRAP genes, TCF7L2, GSTM1, GSTT1. Final considerations: It is considered that both genetic and environmental factors significantly influence the development of NL.
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