Keywords
Depression
Depressive disorders
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the association between hypothyroidism and clinical depression, exploring the prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms in patients with hypothyroidism and seeking to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this association. Methods: Integrative review, using the PubMed database with the MeSH terms "hypothyroidism", "depressive disorder" and "depression", in combination with the Boolean operators "OR" and "AND". The initial search resulted in 330 articles, of which 16 were selected for analysis, based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: There is evidence of a significant interaction between thyroid hormones and neuronal functions. Studies show that adults with subclinical hypothyroidism have an approximately 2.5 times greater risk of developing depressive symptoms, with a higher prevalence in the geriatric population. However, prospective cohort studies investigating this correlation show divergent results, possibly due to variables such as age, gender, reference criteria for thyroid stimulating hormone and intensity of initial depressive symptoms. Final considerations: Further research is needed to elucidate more precisely the interrelationship between hypothyroidism and depression. Variables such as age, gender and severity of hypothyroidism seem to significantly influence the interaction between these two pathologies.
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