Keywords
Obstetrics
Maternal mortality
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the characteristics of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Bibliographic review: PPH is defined as cumulative blood loss of > 1,000 mL (regardless of mode of delivery) or blood loss accompanied by signs or symptoms of hypovolemia within 24 hours of the birth process. This is responsible for 8% of maternal deaths in developed regions of the world and 20% in developing regions. The main causes of PPH are categorized by the four T's: tone, trauma, tissue, thrombin with uterine atony underlying most cases. Final considerations: PPH is still the leading preventable cause of maternal illness and death worldwide. In this context, prevention involves the identification of risk factors, adequate prenatal care and intramuscular administration of 10 units of oxytocin immediately after birth and active management of the third stage at birth. Its treatment is multidisciplinary with the assessment of maternal blood loss as one of the main pillars. Conservative management involves resuscitation, blood transfusion and administration of uterotonic medications, such as oxytocin and prostaglandin, uterine compression and tamponade with an intrauterine balloon.
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