Keywords
Fungi
Neglected Diseases
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the socio-environmental, epidemiological, and pathophysiological aspects of sporotrichosis, focusing on zoonotic transmission by infected cats, aiming to support control and prevention strategies. Literature review: Sporotrichosis, caused by fungi of the Sporothrix schenckii complex, is an endemic and neglected mycosis with a growing impact on public health, particularly in Brazil, due to its zoonotic spread. The disease presents in chronic or subacute forms, with polymorphic skin lesions. The increasing contact between humans and infected cats, especially in urban areas with poor sanitary conditions, is a critical factor in transmission. Historically, sporotrichosis was first described in 1898, with outbreaks associated with agricultural activities and, more recently, zoonotic transmission mediated by Sporothrix brasiliensis. Epidemiological data highlight Brazil as one of the global epicenters, with transmission predominantly occurring through infected cats. The disease manifests in cutaneous forms (lymphocutaneous, fixed, disseminated) and extracutaneous forms, varying according to host factors and fungal virulence. Diagnosis is challenging and requires laboratory methods such as culture and histopathology. Final considerations: A comprehensive approach to sporotrichosis, integrating human, animal, and environmental health, is essential for its control. Ongoing studies and robust public policies can mitigate the impacts of this emerging mycosis, especially in vulnerable populations.
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