Keywords
Modulation of the microbiome
Probiotics
Prebiotics
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the potential of nutritional strategies such as probiotics and prebiotics in the positive modulation of the intestinal microbiome of newborns and infants, with a view to promoting infant health. Literature review: Probiotics reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase anti-inflammatory ones, influencing the differentiation of T lymphocytes. Combinations of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium reduce mortality and necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants. Help restore beneficial phyla after antibiotics. Promote initial microecological balance and improve the intestinal barrier, reducing permeability and allergic response. They can reduce days with respiratory infections and fever, as well as episodes of regurgitation. Prebiotics selectively stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria, which produce anti-inflammatory metabolites. They reduce fecal pH, making the environment less favorable to pathogens. Promote the growth of bifidobacteria in newborns born by caesarean section. They stimulate the production of short-chain fatty acids, with effects on glycemic control, weight and satiety. The composition of the microbiota of formula-fed babies is closer to that of breastfed babies. Final considerations: It is concluded that probiotics and prebiotics positively modulate the intestinal microbiome, promoting beneficial bacteria and anti-inflammatory actions. This may have positive implications for the development of the infant immune system and health promotion.
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