Monkeypox: a dermatologic approach

Abstract

Objective: To elucidate the clinical-pathological process of Monkeypox for better understanding of this condition within the dermatological context. Literature review: Monkeypox is a zoonosis caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), transmitted through contact with skin lesions, body fluids, or fomites. The virus enters host cells, replicating locally and spreading to lymph nodes and other organs. Prodomal symptoms, such as fever, lymphadenopathy, and malaise, are followed by characteristic skin eruptions ranging from macules to pustules. Diagnosis is confirmed via PCR on skin lesion samples. Smallpox vaccination is approximately 85% effective against MPXV, and antiviral treatments like Tecovirimat have shown potential in reducing disease severity. The review addresses complications, including secondary infections and internal organ involvement, particularly in immunocompromised patients. The recent increase in cases outside Africa highlights the need for effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Final considerations: Early identification and appropriate therapeutic interventions are crucial to minimise risks and prevent complications. Implementing effective preventive measures and ensuring adequate disease management are essential to protect high-risk groups.