Keywords
Treatment
Prognosis
Clinic
Phenotype
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Abstract
Objective: To review the genetic and clinical aspects and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Methods: Integrative review, based on the question: “What are the main aspects involved in the treatment of CLL?”. Results: Chronic lymphocytic lymphocytes are characterized by a phenotypic profile compatible with memory B lymphocytes activated by interaction with antigen and also present markers observed in T lymphocytes. Approximately 70% of patients are asymptomatic; however, symptomatic patients may present with nausea and vomiting. The management of patients diagnosed with CLL is quite variable, and they can be observed periodically without the need for the institution of a specific drug for treatment. The main approaches include the use of combined chemotherapy, corticosteroids, alkylating agents, purine analogues, monoclonal antibodies, chemoimmunotherapy and even transplantation. Final considerations: CLL is a pathology with heterogeneous clinical presentations and a variable clinical course. It is considered a monoclonal anomaly and presents chromosomal alterations of deletion and translocation, especially in arms 14, 11 and 13. In three randomized phase III studies of initial treatment of CLL, fludarabine showed a higher rate of overall response and complete response than any other conventional chemotherapy regimen such as chlorambucil and combination with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and prednisone.
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