Abstract
Objective: To describe a rare and serious case of nitric acid ingestion by an infant, with emphasis on clinical evaluation, course, management and prognosis, according to the latest updates about the issue. Case Details: Infant, victim of caustic intoxication due to accidental ingestion of a great volume of nitric acid, was admitted to the hospital presenting nausea, vomiting and hematemesis, with the presence of chemical burn in the mucosa of the oral and pharyngeal cavity. The patient evolution occurred with esophageal burn, gastric perforation and esophagus stenosis. Surgical corrections where necessary to treat the existent lesions, as well as follow up with esophageal dilatations. Final considerations: The case shows the unpredictability of the lesions, as well as the necessity of researching new specific immediate and long-term treatments. The approach of the infant has been shown as effective, due to the early diagnosis and the immediate therapy instituted. There’s also a need to educate the population, with emphasis on parental education about the risks of exposing children to such substances.