Keywords
epidemiology
prenatal care
public health
How to Cite
Copyright © | All rights reserved.
The journal holds the exclusive copyright for the publication of this article under the terms of Brazilian law 9610/98.
Partial reproduction
The use of parts of the texts, figures and questionnaire of the article is free, being mandatory the citation of the authors and journal.
Total reproduction
It is expressly prohibited and must be authorized by the journal.
Abstract
Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of congenital syphilis (CS) in the state of Piauí between 2019 and 2023. Methods: This is an ecological study using data from the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Unified Health System (DATASUS) in Piauí. Incidence and mortality rates were analyzed, along with variables: year of occurrence, municipality of residence, age group, race, maternal education, prenatal care, partner treatment, final classification, and outcome. Results: Between 2019 and 2023, 1.399 cases of CS were reported, with higher concentrations in Teresina and Parnaíba. There was a reduction in incidence between 2019 and 2020 followed by an increase, peaking in 2022 and then declining in 2023. Cases were predominantly among mothers aged 20 to 24 years and of mixed race. More than 80% received prenatal care, but only 23,59% of partners received treatment. The average mortality rate was 0.20 per 1,000 live births. Conclusion: A complex dynamic in CS incidence was revealed, possibly related to the pandemic context of public health. The predominance of cases among young mixed-race mothers, combined with a significant proportion of untreated partners, highlights persistent challenges in the effective implementation of control strategies.
References
BARTH FV, et al. Epidemiological analysis of congenital syphilis in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira, 2024; 70(4).
BEZERRA MLMB, et al. Congenital Syphilis as a Measure of Maternal and Child Healthcare, Brazil. Emerging Infecting Disease, 2019; 25(8):1469-1476.
BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde. Boletim Epidemiológico - Sífilis 2023. 2023. Disponível em: https://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br/centrais-de- onteudo/publicacoes/boletins/epidemiologicos/especiais/2022/boletim-epidemiologico-de-sifilis-numero-especial-out-2022/view/. Acessado em: 12 de julho de 2024.
COSTA IB, et al. Congenital syphilis, syphilis in pregnancy and prenatal care in Brazil: An ecological study. PLoS ONE, 2024;19(6).
DANTAS JDC, et al. Temporal trend and factors associated with spatial distribution of congenital syphilis in Brazil: An ecological study. Frontiers in Pediatric, 2023; 11:1109271.
ETTI M, et al. Determinants of congenital syphilis in Fortaleza, Brazil: A retrospective case-control study. PLOS Glob Public Health, 2023; 3(12).
FANG J, et al. Congenital Syphilis Epidemiology, Prevention, and Management in the United States: A 2022 Update. Cureus, 2022; 14(12): e33009.
GILMOUR LS, WALLS T. Congenital Syphilis: a Review of Global Epidemiology. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2023; 36(2).
IBGE. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. 2024. Disponível em: https://www.ibge.gov.br/. Acessado em: 12 de julho de 2024.
LIU M, et al. A Neglected Narrative in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Epidemiological and Clinical Impacts of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Syphilis. Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatoly, 2023; 12(16) :2485-2496.
MARECO TCDS, et al. A. Analyzing a national health surveillance strategy to reduce mother-to-child transmission of syphilis: The case of Brazilian investigation committees. IJID Regions, 2023; 8:164-171.
NUNES IR, et al. Sífilis congênita: caracterização epidemiológica no estado do Piauí, Brasil. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde, 2020; 50: e755.
PAIXAO ES, et al. Mortality in children under 5 years of age with congenital syphilis in Brazil: A nationwide cohort study. PLoS Med, 2023; 20(4).
SALES MCV, et al. Perfil epidemiológico dos casos de sífilis congênita e gestacional no Estado do Piauí, Brasil. O Mundo da Saúde, 2022; 46: 357-368.
SANKARAN D, et al. Congenital Syphilis—An Illustrative Review. Children, 2023; 10(8): 1310.
SINGH S, et al. Changing trends of acquired syphilis in relation to COVID-19 lockdown: A retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital in North India. Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS, 2023; 44(2):132-139.
TAYE B, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of syphilis among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics in urban settings, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2021; 21(1): 515.
WIJESOORIYA NS, et al. Global burden of maternal and congenital syphilis in 2008 and 2012: a health systems modelling study. The Lancet Global Health. 2019; 7(4).
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Implementing the global health sector strategies on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections, 2022–2030: report on progress and gaps 2024. 2024. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240094925. Acessado em: 12 de julho de 2024.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. WHO Guidelines for the Treatment of Treponema pallidum (syphilis). 2016. Disponível em: https://apps.who.int/iris/ bitstream/handle/10665/249572/9789241549806-eng.pdf. Acessado em: 12 de julho de 2024.