Keywords
Treatment
Complications
Vitamin B12
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the current therapeutic options and complications of megaloblastic anemia. Methods: A search was conducted in relevant databases, selecting studies that address therapeutic options and/or complications of the condition through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO databases from 2019 to 2024. The current therapeutic options include vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation, red blood cell transfusion, and treatment of the underlying cause. Complications may include peripheral neuropathy, cognitive impairment, and dementia, as well as cardiovascular diseases. Early diagnosis and personalized treatment are essential to prevent complications and improve patients' quality of life. Final considerations: Effective treatment of megaloblastic anemia is crucial to prevent short- and long-term complications. Therefore, early diagnosis, personalized treatment, and regular follow-up are necessary. Lastly, encouraging continuous research is essential to develop more effective and accessible treatments, promoting a holistic and patient-centered approach.
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