Keywords
Electronic cigarettes
Lung damage
How to Cite
Copyright © | All rights reserved.
The journal holds the exclusive copyright for the publication of this article under the terms of Brazilian law 9610/98.
Partial reproduction
The use of parts of the texts, figures and questionnaire of the article is free, being mandatory the citation of the authors and journal.
Total reproduction
It is expressly prohibited and must be authorized by the journal.
Abstract
Objective: To assess the risk factors, public health impacts, and social implications of the EVALI epidemic (E-cigarette or Vaping product use-Associated Lung Injury) in a multidisciplinary manner. Literature review: Electronic Smoking Devices (ESDs) emerged as an alternative to traditional smoking but have contributed to an increase in nicotine users — particularly among youth — and resulted in a high number of EVALI cases, a severe lung disease. The pathophysiology of EVALI involves pulmonary inflammation caused by inhaling toxic substances found in vaping liquids, such as vitamin E acetate. The epidemic has had significant public health impacts, including hospitalizations and deaths. Treatment includes corticosteroids and ventilatory support, but challenges persist, such as the lack of consistent epidemiological data and barriers to early diagnosis. Multidisciplinary approaches are essential to combat the epidemic. Final considerations: The EVALI epidemic poses significant risks to public health, as well as substantial economic impacts due to the care of affected individuals. Stricter regulations and effective educational strategies are recommended to raise awareness about the risks. Promoting longitudinal research to monitor long-term effects and develop effective public health interventions is essential.
References
ALJOHANI FA, et al. E-cigarette use, psychological distress, and daily activity participation among adults in Riyadh. Front Psychiatry, 2024; 15: 1362233.
BARUFALDI LA, et al. Risco de iniciação ao tabagismo com o uso de cigarros eletrônicos: revisão sistemática e meta-análise. Ciênc saúde coletiva, 2021; 26(12): 6089–103.
BLOUNT BC, et al. Evaluation of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid from Patients in an Outbreak of E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use-Associated Lung Injury - 10 States, August-October 2019. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2019; 68(45): 1040–1.
CAO DJ, et al. Review of Health Consequences of Electronic Cigarettes and the Outbreak of Electronic Cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use-Associated Lung Injury. J Med Toxicol, 2020; 16(3): 295–310.
CARRIJO VS, et al. 2022. O uso de cigarros eletrônicos e os impactos na saúde do jovem. Mineiros. Disponível em: https ://publicacoes.unifimes.edu.br/index.php/coloquio/article/view/1640. Acesso em: 09 de setembro de 2024.
CASEY AM, et al. Vaping and e-cigarette use. Mysterious lung manifestations and an epidemic. Curr Opin Immunol, 2020; 66: 143–50.
CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION. 2021. Smoking and tobacco use. Disponível em: https ://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/e-cigarettes/index.html. Acesso em: 09 de setembro de 2024.
DE SOUSA SILVA P, et al. Relação entre o uso de cigarros eletrônicos e doenças pulmonares. Brazilian Journal of Health Review, 2024; 7(3): 69666-69666.
GENTZKE AS, et al. Vital Signs: Tobacco Product Use Among Middle and High School Students - United States, 2011-2018. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2019; 68(6): 157–64.
HALL W, et al. Lessons from the public health responses to the US outbreak of vaping-related lung injury. Addiction, 2021; 116(5): 985–93.
KRISHNASAMY VP, et al. Update: Characteristics of a Nationwide Outbreak of E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use-Associated Lung Injury - United States, August 2019-January 2020. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2020; 69(3): 90–4.
LAYDEN JE, et al. Pulmonary Illness Related to E-Cigarette Use in Illinois and Wisconsin - Final Report. N Engl J Med, 2020; 382(10): 903–16.
MOTA CS, et al. Lesões pulmonares associadas ao uso de cigarro eletrônico: uma revisão integrativa. RSD, 2024; 12(2): 22012240237.
MYLOCOPOS G, et al. Interventions for Preventing E-Cigarette Use Among Children and Youth: A Systematic Review. Am J Prev Med, 2024; 66(2): 351–70.
OLIVEIRA AT, et al. EVALI em adolescentes: alterações resultantes da utilização de cigarros eletrônicos nessa faixa etária. RSD, 2022; 11(13): 127111335250.
REBULI ME, et al. The E-cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury Epidemic: Pathogenesis, Management, and Future Directions: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report. Ann Am Thorac Soc, 2023; 20(1): 1–17.
SMITH ML, et al. Vaping-related lung injury. Virchows Arc, 2021; 478(1): 81–8.
TAVARES LF e DE CARVALHO BF. Lesão pulmonar associada ao uso de produtos de cigarro eletrônico ou vaping (EVALI): revisão sistemática. Braz J Hea Ver, 2024; 7(1): 5566–77.
VARDAVAS CI. European Tobacco Products Directive (TPD): current impact and future steps. Tob Control, 2022; 31(2): 198–201.
VARGAS LS, et al. Riscos do uso alternativo do cigarro eletrônico: uma revisão narrativa. Acervo Científico, 2021; 30: 8135.
WERNER AK, et al. Hospitalizations and Deaths Associated with EVALI. N Engl J Med, 2020; 382(17): 1589–98.
WINNICKA L e SHENOY MA. EVALI and the Pulmonary Toxicity of Electronic Cigarettes: A Review. J Gen Intern Med, 2020; 35(7): 2130–5.