Keywords
Critical care
Intensive Care Unit
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Abstract
Objective: To elucidate the relevance of immunonutrients in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU), focusing on the use of Glutamine and Omega-3. Literature review: Critically ill patients in ICU are in a state of hypermetabolism and hypercatabolism, which are associated with increased nutritional needs, negative nitrogen balance, and immunosuppression. In this sense, the nutritional approach with immunonutrients has shown benefits due to its positive impact on controlling the immune response and the dysregulated acute inflammatory response. Glutamine, the most abundant amino acid in plasma and skeletal muscle, and Omega-3, a fatty acid with important anti-inflammatory function, are nutrients discussed in this study. Conclusion: Using specific nutrients, such as glutamine and omega-3, improves immune and metabolic function. However, current literature presents conflicting results, with only a few more robust studies suggesting benefits compared to the use of standard nutrition.
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