Quality of life and chronic kidney disease: analysis of complications and multidisciplinary approaches in dialysis care

Abstract

Objective: To assess the factors and circumstances compromising the quality of life in patients with dialytic chronic kidney disease (CKD). Bibliographical review: CKD results from heterogeneous disorders affecting kidney function and structure. Among the most common causes of CKD are systemic hypertension (SH), diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, genetic and congenital diseases, the use of nephrotoxic medications, and other systemic conditions. As CKD progresses, certain complications become more frequent. Among these, sarcopenia, increased cardiovascular risk (CVR), depression, anxiety, bone mineral disease, anemia, frailty, fatigue, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis stand out. Moreover, the complications associated with the progression of CKD correlate with increased hospitalizations and patient morbidity and mortality. Conclusions: The rising prevalence of CKD highlights the importance of analyzing the impacts, especially the negative ones, of this condition in the quality of life of this profile of patient. Adequate management, including multidisciplinary support, nutritional therapies, and physical activities, is essential to mitigate adverse effects and promote well-being. Individualized approaches and early treatment can slow disease progression and improve prognosis.