Keywords
post-COVID syndrome
long COVID
heart rate variability
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the variation in heart rate in patients with cardiovascular disorders related to SARS-CoV-2 infection and to investigate changes in the ANS in post-COVID-19 syndrome. Methods: This is a descriptive study, of the integrative bibliographic review type. The articles were selected from the electronic databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) with the following descriptors in English and Portuguese: “(COVID-19) AND (Heart Rate Variability OR Heart Rate OR autonomic control OR cardiovascular oscillations OR autonomic nervous system)”. Results: The final sample consisted of 16 articles, which showed that the most prevalent symptoms in post-COVID syndrome include fatigue, muscle weakness, insomnia, anxiety and depression. COVID-19 infection triggers an exacerbated inflammatory response, with the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This inflammation in the central nervous system can affect the autonomic pathways of the brainstem, affecting HRV parameters. Conclusion: Autonomic dysfunction, as well as changes in HRV, after COVID-19 infection involve autoimmune, inflammatory and neurological mechanisms. Understanding these changes is essential to improve the management and quality of life of patients affected by long COVID.
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