Recém-nascido de mãe coinfectada com HIV e Treponema pallidum

Abstract

Objective: This case report details a newborn delivered to a mother coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, highlighting the associated complications and clinical outcomes. Case details: The case was documented in February 2023 at a teaching hospital in Brazil's Central-West region. Data were collected through interviews and a comprehensive review of medical records. The mother, a 19-year-old single parent, had a history of using both legal and illicit drugs. She received both low- and high-risk prenatal care. During her pregnancy, she was diagnosed with HIV and syphilis and subsequently treated with three doses of benzathine penicillin and antiretroviral therapy. The newborn was diagnosed with Dandy-Walker Malformation, although this diagnosis was not confirmed at birth. The child was delivered via cesarean section at 37 weeks of gestation, with a low birth weight of 1,974 grams. Upon delivery, the newborn exhibited altered hearing screening results bilaterally. Screening for HIV and syphilis was conducted, and zidovudine was prescribed at a dosage of 4 mg/kg every 12 hours for 28 days. Final considerations: This case underscores the critical importance of early and comprehensive prenatal care, alongside timely diagnosis and treatment of HIV and syphilis, to optimize outcomes for both mothers and their infants.