Keywords
Cow's milk protein allergy
Lactose intolerance
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Abstract
Objective: Deepen the understanding of the clinical aspects (symptoms) of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) in children. Methods: This is an Integrative Review (IR) that used the PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome) strategy to formulate the research question and guide data collection. Therefore, articles were searched in the PubMed and BVS (Virtual Health Library) databases, resulting in 15 studies selected to compose the discussion, after inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The most prevalent symptoms of CMPA include vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, skin lesions, and respiratory symptoms. The IgE-mediated form usually involves urticaria, angioedema, and gastrointestinal symptoms. In contrast, the non-IgE-mediated form includes conditions such as food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) and allergic proctocolitis. Symptoms may also vary with age, with gastrointestinal manifestations being more frequent in infants and skin and respiratory symptoms in older children. Final considerations: The overlap of symptoms with lactose intolerance highlights the need for further studies and specific clinical protocols for the effective diagnosis and management of CMPA.
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