Keywords
Systemic inflammation
Obesity
Endotoxemia
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Abstract
Objective: To describe the role of the gut microbiota in maintaining low-grade systemic inflammation and its relationship with obesity and energy metabolism. Methods: An integrative review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, considering studies published between 2014 and 2023. Articles addressing insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, gut microbiota, and obesity were included, resulting in the analysis of 34 studies. Results: The analysis indicated that hypercaloric diets are associated with gut dysbiosis, increased inflammatory markers, and endotoxemia, contributing to the development of obesity and insulin resistance. The microbiota, through its interaction with diet, plays a critical role in regulating energy metabolism and low-grade systemic inflammation. Alterations in bacterial composition, characterized by an increase in Firmicutes and a decrease in Bacteroidetes, are associated with greater intestinal permeability and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation into the circulation, triggering chronic inflammation. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii has a protective role, producing anti-inflammatory metabolites that improve intestinal barrier integrity and reduce systemic inflammation. Final considerations: Gut dysbiosis induced by inadequate diets can trigger chronic inflammation and significantly contribute to obesity, highlighting the need for dietary interventions to promote metabolic health.
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