Keywords
Vaccine
Immune response
Cytokines
SARS-CoV-2
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Abstract
Objective: To assess the immunological profile of T and B lymphocytes and cytokines in healthcare workers before and after COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: Twenty healthy individuals involved in COVID-19 testing were evaluated with blood samples collected at six time points (T0 to T5). Levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and cytokines IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-10 were measured using ELISA. Lymphocyte immunophenotyping was performed with anti-CD3, anti-CD4, and anti-CD19 antibodies via flow cytometry (p ≤ 0.05). Results: All participants contracted COVID-19 during the study, and most received CoronaVac and Pfizer vaccines. At T0, 25% were IgG positive, reaching 100% in T3 and T5. Cytokine levels showed no significant variations, but TCD3+ lymphocytes decreased significantly between T0 and T3 and between T2 and T3. TCD4+ lymphocytes showed differences between T4 and T5, while B lymphocytes varied between T0 and T5. Conclusion: IgG detection at T0 suggested prior exposure to the virus. Although cytokine levels did not show significant changes, T and B lymphocyte analysis revealed immunological changes throughout vaccination, suggesting a modulatory effect on the immune system.
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