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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the impact of polymorphisms in genes encoding cytochrome P450 enzymes on the pharmacokinetic patterns of opioids, in addition to investigating their influence on the occurrence of adverse reactions and disorders related to the use of this important pharmacological class. Methods: This is an integrative review; the databases used were PubMed, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (Lilacs), and SciELO.Results:A total of 300 articles were retrieved based on the search strategies, in addition to 2 articles fromexternal sources. Among the articles analyzed, 296 were excluded because they did not meet theinclusion criteria. At the end of the analysis, 6 articles were selected. The most investigated polymorphisms involved the genes CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP2D6, CYP2B6, and CYP1A2. Final considerations: Pharmacogenetic studies are essential, especially those investigating polymorphisms of genes responsible for CYP450 enzymes, as they help to optimize and individualize pharmacotherapeutic treatments with opioids. However, there are still several gaps to be explored in this field, reinforcing the need for new studies and the development of tools that enable the application of this knowledge on a large scale in clinical practice.
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