Keywords
Brain Neoplasm
Therapy
How to Cite
Copyright © | All rights reserved.
The journal holds the exclusive copyright for the publication of this article under the terms of Brazilian law 9610/98.
Partial reproduction
The use of parts of the texts, figures and questionnaire of the article is free, being mandatory the citation of the authors and journal.
Total reproduction
It is expressly prohibited and must be authorized by the journal.
Abstract
Objective: To discover the results of using oncolytic viruses for brain cancer therapy, observing their different mechanisms of action and specific advantages or disadvantages. Methods: This integrative summary selected 30 articles from the following databases: MedLine, Pubmed and IBECS. Clinical, pre-clinical studies and in vitro experiments published from 2020 to 2025 were included. Results: A range of oncolytic viruses proved to be effective in combating brain cancer, demonstrating the ability to induce the disintegration of cancer cells. The studies highlighted different dynamics such as cell lysis, immunological adjustment, PD-1 obstruction and potential synergy with other therapeutic modalities. Challenges such as effective distribution of the virus, the subject's immune response and toxicity need to be overcome for clinical implementation. Since, the accuracy of OVs in identifying tumor cells and their ability to alter the tumor are notable advantages, indicating potential if combined with traditional therapies. Final considerations: OVT appears as a new therapeutic possibility, requiring more studies to verify its efficiency and safety in larger groups of patients.
References
BOMMAREDDY PK, et al. Oncolytic herpes Simplex virus expressing IL-2 controls glioblastoma growth and improves survival. Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer, 2024; 12(4).
CALDERÓN-PELÁEZ MA, et al. Zika Virus: A Neurotropic Warrior against High-Grade Gliomas—Unveiling Its Potential for Oncolytic Virotherapy. Viruses, 2024; 16(4): 561.
CHEN Y, et al. HSV-1-induced N6-methyladenosine reprogramming via ICP0-mediated suppression of METTL14 potentiates oncolytic activity in glioma. Cell Reports, 2024; 42(10).
DE LA NAVA D, et al. The oncolytic adenovirus Delta-24-RGD in combination with ONC201 induces a potent antitumor response in pediatric high-grade and diffuse midline glioma models. Neuro-oncology, 2024; 26(8): 1509-1525.
FARES J, et al. Neural stem cell delivery of an oncolytic adenovirus in newly diagnosed malignant glioma: a first-in-human, phase 1, dose-escalation trial. The Lancet Oncology, 2021; 22(8): 1103-1114.
FERREIRA RS, et al. Differential Replication and Oncolytic Effects of Zika Virus in Aggressive CNS Tumor Cells: Insights from Organoid and Tumoroid Models. Viruses, 2024; 16(11): 1764.
GÁLLEGO PÉREZ-LARRAYA J, et al. Vírus oncolítico DNX-2401 para glioma pontino intrínseco difuso pediátrico. New England Journal of Medicine, 2022; 386(26): 2471-2481.
GARCÍA-ROMERO N, et al. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) oncolytic activity in human glioma tumors is dependent on CDKN2A-type I IFN gene cluster codeletion. Cells, 2020; 9(6): 1405.
GHAJAR-RAHIMI G, et al. Clinical advances in oncolytic virotherapy for pediatric brain tumors. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2022; 239: 108193.
HADDAD AF, et al. Immunologic aspects of viral therapy for glioblastoma and implications for interactions with immunotherapies. Journal of neuro-oncology, 2021; 152: 1-13.
HONG B, et al. PKR induces TGF-β and limits oncolytic immune therapy. Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2023; 11(2).
LAL S, RAFFEL C. Protocols to Manufacture an Oncolytic Measles Virus–Sensitive Immunocompetent Mouse Model of Medulloblastoma. Medulloblastoma: Methods and Protocols, 2022; 2423: 165-177.
LIU Y, et al. Olaparib Enhances the Efficacy of Third‐Generation Oncolytic Adenoviruses Against Glioblastoma by Modulating DNA Damage Response and p66shc‐Induced Apoptosis. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, 2024; 30(11).
MELÉNDEZ-VÁZQUEZ NM, et al. Oncolytic Virotherapies and Adjuvant Gut Microbiome Therapeutics to Enhance Efficacy Against Malignant Gliomas. Viruses, 2024; 16(11): 1775.
MONIE DD, et al. Modular network mechanism of CCN1-associated resistance to HSV-1-derived oncolytic immunovirotherapies for glioblastomas. Scientific reports, 2021; 11(1): 11198.
NASSIRI F, et al. Oncolytic DNX-2401 virotherapy plus pembrolizumab in recurrent glioblastoma: a phase 1/2 trial. Nature medicine, 2023; 29(6): 1370-1378.
NIEBLAS‐BEDOLLA E, et al. Emerging immunotherapies in the treatment of brain metastases. The Oncologist, 2021; 26(3): 231-241.
NING W, et al. Non-secreting IL12 expressing oncolytic adenovirus Ad-TD-nsIL12 in recurrent high-grade glioma: a phase I trial. Nature Communications, 2024; 15(1): 9299.
NOH MH, et al. Targeting IGF2 to reprogram the tumor microenvironment for enhanced viro-immunotherapy. Neuro-oncology, 2024; 26(9): 1602-1616.
PANAGIOTI E, et al. Immunostimulatory bacterial antigen–armed oncolytic measles virotherapy significantly increases the potency of anti-PD1 checkpoint therapy. The Journal of clinical investigation, 2021; 131(13).
RIVADENEIRA DB, et al. Oncolytic viruses engineered to enforce leptin expression reprogram tumor-infiltrating T cell metabolism and promote tumor clearance. Immunity, 2019; 51(3): 548-560.
RONG L, et al. Emerging therapies for glioblastoma: Current state and future directions. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, 2022; 41(1): 1-18.
SAHA D, RABKIN SD. Immunohistochemistry for tumor-infiltrating immune cells after oncolytic virotherapy. Oncolytic Viruses, 2020; 2058: 179-190.
SURYAWANSHI YR, SCHULZE AJ. Oncolytic viruses for malignant glioma: On the verge of success?. Viruses, 2021; 13(7): 1294.
TODO T, et al. A phase I/II study of triple-mutated oncolytic herpes virus G47∆ in patients with progressive glioblastoma. Nature communications, 2022; 13(1): 4119.
TODO T, et al. Intratumoral oncolytic herpes virus G47∆ for residual or recurrent glioblastoma: a phase 2 trial. Nature medicine, 2022; 28(8): 1630-1639.
VAN PUTTEN EHP, et al. Convection enhanced delivery of the oncolytic adenovirus delta24-RGD in patients with recurrent GBM: a phase I clinical trial including correlative studies. Clinical Cancer Research, 2022; 28(8): 1572-1585
ZENG J, et al. Oncolytic viro-immunotherapy: an emerging option in the treatment of gliomas. Frontiers in immunology, 2021; 12: 721830.
ZHANG J, et al. Oncolytic HSV-1 suppresses cell invasion through downregulating Sp1 in experimental glioblastoma. Cellular Signalling, 2023; 103: 110581.
ZHU G, et al. Enhancement of CD70-specific CAR T treatment by IFN-γ released from oHSV-1-infected glioblastoma. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, 2022; 71(10): 2433-2448.