Keywords
HTLV-1
Cancer
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Abstract
Objective: To determine the relationship between the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the Human T-lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) and the development of oncological diseases. Methods: Integrative review, following the PICO strategy, the survey was carried out in the MEDLINE and PUBMED databases. The descriptors used were: “HIV”, “HTLV-1” and “cancer”. The inclusion criteria were: full-text articles, published in the last 10 years, with methodology in accordance with the proposed objective. A total of 119 articles were identified and 20 were selected. Results: HTLV-1 and HIV play significant roles in carcinogenesis through immunosuppression, chronic inflammation and activation of specific proteins and genes. HIV is associated with an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), cervical cancer, colorectal cancer and Kaposi's sarcoma. HTLV-1 is the main cause of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and other lymphomas. In addition, risk factors such as age, family history, and co-infections, including Epstein-Barr and human papillomavirus (HPV), contribute to tumor progression. Final considerations: HIV and HTLV-1 infection are directly related to the increase in neoplasms. Therefore, further research is needed to improve therapeutic and prophylactic approaches in the health system.
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