Keywords
Therapeutics
Ophthalmology
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Abstract
Objective: Analyze the clinical characteristics of glaucoma. Bibliographic review: Glaucoma is a chronic optic neuropathy characterized by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells and impairment of the visual field, which can lead to irreversible blindness. The main cause is elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), associated with inflammatory changes, oxidative stress and genetic factors. It is divided into two main types: open-angle glaucoma and closed-angle glaucoma. Diagnosis is made through tests such as tonometry, pachymetry, perimetry, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), gonioscopy and dilated funduscopy. Treatment aims to reduce IOP through topical medications, laser therapy, traditional surgery or minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS). Final considerations: Glaucoma can be considered a silent, progressive eye condition that requires early diagnosis. MIGS, although less effective in reducing IOP in advanced cases, is ideal for early stages due to the lower risk of ocular damage. Adherence to treatment and patient education are essential to prevent disease progression and preserve quality of life.
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