Keywords
Digital mammography
Breast neoplasms
Oncogenesis
Cell proliferation
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Abstract
Objective: To describe the impact of breast density as a risk factor for breast cancer, considering the diagnostic impact and diagnostic and therapeutic options. Methods: This is a systematic review based on the PRISMA guidelines, using the PICOS strategy to define the research question. Articles published between 2019 and 2024 in the SciELO, BVS, and PubMed databases were analyzed. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied in the selection of studies, whose quality was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: The analysis showed that high breast density contributes to late diagnosis of cancer, reducing the effectiveness of mammography. Magnetic resonance imaging and digital tomosynthesis are promising alternatives. In addition, therapies such as tamoxifen and vitamin D have shown potential in reducing breast density, which may improve cancer detection. Final considerations: High breast density is a challenge in the early diagnosis of breast cancer, requiring complementary and accessible diagnostic strategies to improve detection in women with dense breasts. Furthermore, the role of hormonal and nutritional therapies in reducing this risk factor is reinforced.
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