Keywords
Treatments
Complications
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Abstract
Objective: To identify the social aspects, treatments, and complications of Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA). Methods: This is an integrative literature review based on scientific studies addressing the social aspects, treatments, and complications related to SCA. Original and full-text articles published in Portuguese, Spanish, and English over the last ten years (2015–2025) were considered. These were sourced from the SCIELO, PUBMED, and LILACS databases. Results: SCA is a chronic genetic condition characterized by the presence of abnormal red blood cells that can cause pain and organ damage, primarily due to vaso-occlusive episodes. Pharmacological treatment and alternative therapies reduce crises and improve quality of life; however, the average life expectancy remains low in regions with limited access to healthcare services. Education and adherence to treatment are crucial to minimize the physical and psychosocial impacts on individuals affected by the disease. Final considerations: Based on the studies analyzed, it is evident that SCA significantly impacts the quality of life of affected individuals. The lack of knowledge about the disease hinders proper management. Therefore, promoting the active involvement of patients and their families in care may enhance treatment adherence.
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