Pulmonary manifestations of HIV: an overview in Brazil

Abstract

Objective: To analyzethe main pulmonary manifestations related to HIV in Brazil, considering the national epidemiological scenario and the challenges in the diagnosis and management of these conditions. Bibliografic review: The studies analyzed highlighted the main pulmonary manifestations in people living with HIV in Brazil, such as tuberculosis, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, bacterial pneumonias, lung cancer, and fungal pulmonary infections. Tuberculosis-HIV co-infection has been identified as one of the most serious complications, with the proportion of cases expected to increase by 2023. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia remains a significant threat, especially in patients with CD4 counts below 200 cells/mm³. Lung cancer and fungal lung infections also represent increasing challenges. Final considerations: The findings of this study reinforce the need to intensify efforts for early HIV diagnosis, immediate initiation of ART, and the implementation of preventive measures such as vaccination and prophylaxis. Public policies should focus on reducing smoking, improving access to preventive care, and integrated clinical management to mitigate the impact of these conditions on an already vulnerable population. Investments in infrastructure, training of health professionals, and educational programs are essential to address these challenges and improve clinical outcomes for people living with HIV/AIDS in Brazil.