COVID-19 Vaccination: challenges and perceptions of Primary Health Care professionals

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the challenges faced by Primary Health Care (PHC) professionals in the covid-19 vaccination process at basic health units (UBS) in São Luís–MA. Methods: This is a qualitative study conducted from September to November 2022 in six UBS, using Focus Groups with 42 health professionals. A thematic content analysis was performed. Results: They were organized into three main categories: “Limited capacity with excessive demand,” “Service organization,” and “Truths and myths about vaccination.” Difficulties were identified related to limited physical infrastructure, lack of training, high demand, and shortage of human resources, in addition to the impact of the anti-vaccine movement and misinformation, which generated resistance among users and even some professionals. On the other hand, successful strategies such as empathetic communication, community bonding, and active outreach helped overcome barriers and expand vaccination coverage. Conclusion: It is concluded that, despite the challenges, the commitment and educational actions of professionals were crucial for the success of the campaign, highlighting the need for ongoing investments in infrastructure, training, and strengthening of PHC to ensure trust in vaccines and continuity of health care.