Keywords
Antiretroviral therapy
Glucose metabolism
Body composition
Chronic diseases
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Abstract
Objective: Analyze and evaluate glycemic levels and anthropometric data of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) on regular antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Belém, Pará, Brazil, seeking to improve clinical management due to the scarcity of research on this topic in the region. Methods: This was an observational longitudinal study involving 60 PLWHA on ART, followed between 2018 and 2021. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and anthropometric data were collected. Nutritional status was classified by WHO and Metabolic Syndrome by NCEP-ATP III criteria. Statistical analyses included Friedman's tests and Repeated Measures ANOVA, with post-hoc tests. Results: The predominantly male sample (61.67%) had a mean age of 58.6 ± 9.4 years and a median of 18 years on ART. High prevalences of dyslipidemia (91.67%), metabolic syndrome (76.67%), DM2 (40.00%), and HAS (38.33%) were observed. Fasting glucose remained stable in diabetic patients (p = 0.849), but significantly increased in non-diabetic patients over time (p < 0.05). Regarding anthropometric profile, 73.33% were overweight or obese, with a significant increase in BMI (p < 0.001) and a tendency for increased WC (p = 0.090) during the period. Conclusion: Findings indicate a high prevalence of metabolic comorbidities, progressive glycemia in non-diabetic patients, and significant weight gain in PLWHA with long-term ART exposure. This study highlights the urgent need for continuous and rigorous metabolic and nutritional monitoring to optimize the quality of life and longevity of these patients through early interventions, oils, fish, oilseeds, teas and spices.
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