Google Scholar | Citations: 16429| h-index: 32 | i10-index: 482
Challenges and perspectives regarding access to health services by women sex workers
PDF (Portuguese (Brazil))

Keywords

Sex workers
Health services accessibility
Barriers to access of health services

How to Cite

Challenges and perspectives regarding access to health services by women sex workers. (2025). Electronic Journal Collection Health, 25(10), e21626. https://doi.org/10.25248/reas.e21626.2025

Copyright © | All rights reserved.

The journal holds the exclusive copyright for the publication of this article under the terms of Brazilian law 9610/98.

Partial reproduction
The use of parts of the texts, figures and questionnaire of the article is free, being mandatory the citation of the authors and journal.

Total reproduction
It is expressly prohibited and must be authorized by the journal.

Abstract

Objective: To review female sex workers' access to health services, highlighting the challenges faced and perspectives. Methods: This is an integrative literature review, anchored in the method proposed by Mendes KDS, et al. (2008), conducted between July and August 2024 in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, and Science Direct, covering the period 2015 to 2024, using the following descriptors: Sex Workers; User Embracement; Health Services. The inclusion criteria were: qualitative and/or quantitative research articles that addressed sex workers' access to health services, published in Portuguese, English, and/or Spanish, between 2015 and 2024. Results: A total of 1,094 articles were found, of which 11 comprised the sample for this study. Among the challenges encountered are: stigma and prejudice during care, lack of specific health policies for sex workers, lack of professional training, structural prejudice, and negligence on the part of physicians in the provision of services. Final considerations: The study demonstrated that several obstacles hinder the health care of sex workers and directly impact their quality of life, necessitating the restructuring of care practices and the creation of public policies.

PDF (Portuguese (Brazil))

References

ARBOIT J, et al. Situações de vulnerabilidade à violência de mulheres profissionais do sexo: interfaces no campo da saúde. Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line, 2014; 8 (supl 2): 3784-9.

ARGENTO E, et al. The impact of end-demand legislation on sex workers’ access to health and sex worker-led services: a community-based prospective cohort study in Canada. PLoS One, 2020; 15 (4): e0225783.

BENOIT C, et al. Canadian sex workers weigh the costs and benefits of disclosing their occupational status to health providers. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 2019; 16 (3): 329–41.

BENOIT C, et al. Prostitution stigma and its effect on the working conditions, personal lives, and health of sex workers. Journal of Sex Research, 2018; 55 (4–5): 457–71.

BRASIL. Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego. Classificação Brasileira de Ocupações (CBO) – relatório de família. 2002. Disponível em: http://www.mtecbo.gov.br/cbosite/pages/home.jsf. Acessado em: 27 de agosto de 2024.

BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde. Departamento de Ações Programáticas Estratégicas. Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher. 2004. Disponível em: https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/politica_nac_atencao_mulher2.pdf. Acessado em: 27 de agosto de 2024.

BRITO NS, et al. Cotidiano de trabalho e acesso aos serviços de saúde de mulheres profissionais do sexo. Rev Renê, 2019; 20: e33841.

BRODY C, et al. A mobile intervention to link young female entertainment workers in Cambodia to health and gender-based violence services: randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2022; 24 (1): e27696.

CAMINHAS L. A regulamentação da prostituição é uma demanda por justiça?.Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais, 2020 ;35 (103): e3510310.

CARLINE A, SCOULAR J. Saving fallen women now? Critical perspectives on engagement and support orders and their policy of forced welfarism. Social Policy and Society, 2015; 14 (1): 103–12.

CARVALHO J, SILVA AR. Prostituição é profissão: motivos para legalizar. Revista Eletrônica de Ciências Jurídicas, 2016; 6 (2).

CAVALCANTI CS. Políticas, polícias e medidas de saúde pública de enfrentamento ao Covid-19 em contextos de prostituição hiperprecarizada. Metaxy, 2020; 1.

COUTO PLS, et al. Quality of life from women’s perspective in the exercise of sex work: a study of social representations. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 2023; 76 Suppl 2 (Suppl 2): e20220169.

DOURADO I, et al. Sex work stigma and non-disclosure to health care providers: data from a large RDS study among FSW in Brazil. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 2019; 19 (1): 8.

FAISSNER M, et al. Healthcare for sex workers — access, barriers, and needs: an exploratory qualitative interview study. Ethik in der Medizin, 2024; 36 (2): 151–68.

FOLEY EE. Regulating sex work: subjectivity and stigma in Senegal. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 2017; 19 (1): 50–63.

KHALESI ZB, et al. An explanation of empowerment-based sexual health education strategies: a qualitative study. Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences, 2017; 6 (3): 253-65.

LEAL CBM, et al. Aspectos de vida e saúde das profissionais do sexo.Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line, 2017; 11 (11): 4483-91.

LEITE GS. Prostituição: máscaras antigas, nova cidadania. In: Comitê Latino Americano e do Caribe para a Defesa dos Direitos da Mulher (CLADEM), organizador. Mulheres: vigiadas e castigadas. São Paulo: CLADEM-Brasil, 1995; p. 463-70.

MA PHX, et al. The socio-ecological model approach to understanding barriers and facilitators to the accessing of health services by sex workers: a systematic review. AIDS and Behavior. 2017; 21 (8): 2412–38.

MARQUES DMD, COSTA DR. A saúde e a “vida” das profissionais do sexo. Investig Qual Saúde, 2015; 2: 198-202.

MASTROCOLA EL, et al. Access to healthcare for long-term conditions in women involved in street-based prostitution: a qualitative study. BMC Family Practice, 2015; 16 (1): 118.

MATTEONI TCG, et al. Usual source of healthcare and use of sexual and reproductive health services by female sex workers in Brazil. Cadernos de Saúde Pública. 2021; 37 (10): e00188120.

MENDES KDS, et al. Revisão integrativa: método de pesquisa para a incorporação de evidências na saúde e na enfermagem. Texto & Contexto Enfermagem, 2008; 17 (4): 758–64.

MONTEIRO S, BRIGEIRO M. Experiences of transgender women/transvestites with access to health services: progress, limits, and tensions. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 2019; 35 (4): e00111318.

MORAES MLC, et al. Educação em saúde com prostitutas de Fortaleza: relato de experiência. Revista Eletrônica de Enfermagem, 2008; 10 (4).

ONUR ŞIMŞEK K, ÖZGÜLNAR N. Evaluation of health status of transgender sex workers in Turkey: a qualitative study. Atencion Primaria, 2024; 56 (6): 102875.

PASTORI BG, et al. Perceptions of sex workers about the care received in the health care context. Journal of Human Growth and Development, 2022; 32 (2): 275–82.

PENHA JC, et al. Caracterização da violência física sofrida por prostitutas do interior piauiense. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 2012; 65 (6): 984–90.

PERDOMO SANDOVAL LA, et al. Self-care practices and associated sexual health risks among cisgender women sex workers in Colombia. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 2024; 21 (2): 543–58.

PUTNIS N, BURR J. Evidence or stereotype? Health inequalities and representations of sex workers in health publications in England. Health, 2020; 24 (6): 665–83.

RANJIT YS, et al. Understanding mobile use behavior, stigma and associated needs among female sex workers in Nepal: a qualitative study. Frontiers in Communication, 2024; 9.

RODRIGUES HP, et al. Nursing team perceptions in caring for sex workers in primary care. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, 2025; 59: e20240331.

RUSSELL C. Meeting the moment: bioethics in the time of Black Lives Matter. The American Journal of Bioethics: AJOB, 2022; 22 (3): 9–21.

SANDERS T. Controlling the ‘anti sexual’ city: sexual citizenship and the disciplining of female street sex workers. Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2009; 9 (4): 507–25.

SOUSA FR. Educação Popular em Saúde e participação de prostitutas: contribuições para a gestão participativa do SUS. Interface, 2014; 18 (suppl 2): 1568.

SQUIRES K. Sex workers in Canada face unequal access to healthcare: a systems thinking approach. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 2024; 15: 21501319241233173.

VIEIRA LB, FREITAS JÚNIOR RAO. Lei Gabriela Leite: a legalização da prostituição sob uma nova perspectiva no Direito Penal brasileiro. Revista Transgressões, 2015; 3 (1): 331-44.

VILLA EA, et al. A assistência à saúde das profissionais do sexo no Brasil: uma revisão integrativa. Journal of Nursing and Health, 2016; 6 (1): 92-102.

ZENOUZI A, et al. Reproductive health concerns of women with high risk sexual behaviors. SAGE Open Nursing, 2021; 7: 23779608211017779.