Keywords
Cyberbullying
Medical students
Universities
How to Cite
Copyright © | All rights reserved.
The journal holds the exclusive copyright for the publication of this article under the terms of Brazilian law 9610/98.
Partial reproduction
The use of parts of the texts, figures and questionnaire of the article is free, being mandatory the citation of the authors and journal.
Total reproduction
It is expressly prohibited and must be authorized by the journal.
Abstract
Objective: To assess the prevalence of bullying, its forms of involvement, and victimization among medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted between September and December 2020 with medical students from the first to the twelfth semester, regularly enrolled, who signed the Informed Consent Form. Sociodemographic data and information on involvement in bullying (perpetration and victimization) were collected, considering verbal, relational, indirect, and cyberbullying forms. Results: The overall prevalence of bullying was 65.94%, with verbal bullying being the most frequent form (65.18%). Males predominated in perpetration, total bullying, verbal bullying, cyberbullying, and relational bullying (p < 0.05). Victimization was more frequent among participants with an income below three minimum wages (p = 0.022). Perpetrators were more frequently heterosexual, single, and with an income above twelve minimum wages (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence and patterns identified were similar to those reported in the international literature. The study characterized the forms of bullying and their association with sociodemographic factors, contributing to understanding the phenomenon in medical education.
References
AHMAR S, et al. Bullying of medical students in Pakistan: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. PLoS One, 2008; 3(12): e3889.
ALMULHIM AA, et al. Bullying among medical and nonmedical students at a university in Eastern Saudi Arabia. J Fam Community Med, 2018; 25(3): 211-216.
ALPES MF. Construção e validação de conteúdo de escala para estudantes de graduação sobre a ocorrência de violência interpessoal (bullying). Dissertação (Mestrado em Medicina) – Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 2018; 152p.
ALZAHRANI HA. Bullying among medical students in a Saudi medical school. BMC Res Notes, 2012; 5: 335.
BALL HL. Conducting online surveys. J Hum Lact, 2019; 35(3): 413-417.
BISWAS T, et al. Global variation in the prevalence of bullying victimisation amongst adolescents: role of peer and parental supports. EClinicalMedicine, 2020; 20: 100276.
BRASIL. Lei nº 13.185, de 6 de novembro de 2015. Institui o Programa de Combate à Intimidação Sistemática (Bullying). Diário Oficial da União, Brasília, 2015.
BRASIL. Conselho Nacional de Educação. Câmara de Educação Superior. Resolução nº 3, de 20 de junho de 2014. Institui Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduação em Medicina. Diário Oficial da União, Brasília, 2014.
CALPBINICI P, TAS ARSLAN F. Virtual behaviors affecting adolescent mental health: the usage of Internet and mobile phone and cyberbullying. J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs, 2019; 32(3): 139-148.
ELGHAZALLY NM, ATALLAH AO. Bullying among undergraduate medical students at Tanta University, Egypt: a cross-sectional study. Libyan J Med, 2020; 15(1): 1816045.
FNAIS N, et al. Harassment and discrimination in medical training: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acad Med, 2014; 89(5): 817-827.
FONSECA KBC, et al. Incidência do bullying nos cursos de Administração e Ciências Contábeis. Psicol Esc Educ, 2017; 21(1): 79-92.
GÁGYOR I, et al. Frequency and perceived severity of negative experiences during medical education in Germany. GMS Z Med Ausbild, 2012; 29(4): Doc55.
HYSING M, et al. Bullying involvement in adolescence: implications for sleep, mental health, and academic outcomes. J Interpers Violence, 2021; 36(13-14): NP7031–NP7056.
JENARO C, FLORES N, FRÍAS CP. Anxiety and depression in cyberbullied college students: a retrospective study. J Interpers Violence, 2021; 36(13-14): NP7432–NP7454.
KAPOOR S, AJINKYA S, JADHAV PR. Bullying and victimization trends in undergraduate medical students: a self-reported cross-sectional observational survey. J Clin Diagn Res, 2016; 10(2): VC05–VC08.
KHINE AT, et al. Assessing risk factors and impact of cyberbullying victimization among university students in Myanmar: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One, 2020; 15(1): e0227051.
LOPES NETO AA. Bullying: aggressive behavior among students. J Pediatr (Rio J), 2005; 81(5 Suppl): s164-s172.
MALTA DC, et al. Bullying em escolares brasileiros: análise da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE 2012). Rev Bras Epidemiol, 2014; 17(Suppl 1): 92-105.
MARTÍNEZ-MONTEAGUDO MC, et al. Cyberbullying in the university setting: relationship with emotional problems and adaptation to the university. Front Psychol, 2020; 10: 3074.
MEDEIROS ED, et al. Escala de Comportamentos de Bullying (ECB): elaboração e evidências psicométricas. Psico-USF, 2015; 20(3): 385-397.
OLWEUS D. Bullying at school: what we know and what we can do. Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 1993; 152p.
OLWEUS D, LIMBER SP. Some problems with cyberbullying research. Curr Opin Psychol, 2018; 19: 139-143.
OWOAJE ET, et al. Experiences of mistreatment among medical students in a university in south west Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract, 2012; 15(2): 214-219.
PAREDES OL, et al. Bullying en las facultades de medicina colombianas: mito o realidad. Rev Fac Med, 2010; 18(2): 161-172.
PANUNCIO-PINTO MP, et al. Situações de violência interpessoal/bullying na universidade: recortes do cotidiano acadêmico de estudantes da área da saúde. Rev Bras Educ Med, 2019; 43(supl 1): 537-546.
PERES MFT, et al. Mistreatment in an academic setting and medical students’ perceptions about their course in São Paulo, Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Sao Paulo Med J, 2016; 134(2): 130-137.
REISEN A, VIANA MC, SANTOS-NETO ET. Bullying among adolescents: are the victims also perpetrators? Braz J Psychiatry, 2019; 41(6): 518-529.
SILVA JL, MASCARENHAS SAN. Gestão do bullying e cyberbullying na universidade: desafios para a orientação educativa e convivência social e ética no ensino superior. Amazônica, 2010; 5(2): 46-55.
SILVA-VILLARREAL S, et al. Prevalencia de bullying en estudiantes de los ciclos básicos y preclínicos de la carrera de medicina de la Universidad de Panamá. Arch Med, 2013; 9(4).
UNESCO. Behind the numbers: ending school violence and bullying. Paris: UNESCO, 2019; 70p. ISBN: 978-92-3-100306-6.
WOOLFOLK AE, et al. Remote data collection for public health research in a COVID-19 era: ethical implications, challenges and opportunities. Health Policy Plan, 2021; 36(3): 360-368.