Keywords
Risk factors
Public health
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the main risk factors related to suicidal behavior based on the scientific literature. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted in the LILACS Plus, Capes Periodicals, and Scielo databases. Articles published between 2020 and 2024, in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, and available in full, were included. Editorials, letters to the editor, dissertations, and theses were excluded. Results: Twenty-one studies were selected. The analysis highlighted the centrality of mental disorders—notably depression, anxiety, and mood disorders—as the main future individualism associated with suicidal behavior. The use of alcohol and other psychoactive substances are relevant predictors, as are impulsivity, low self-esteem, and cognitive deficits. At the socioeconomic and contextual level, social inequality, low education, violence, and social isolation stand out. Furthermore, specific vulnerabilities were identified in population groups, particularly female adolescents, LGBTQIA+ individuals, and elderly men. Final considerations: Suicidal behavior results from the interaction of multiple risk factors, requiring interdisciplinary strategies that are sensitive to the specificities of vulnerable groups and based on robust evidence. This review contributes to the current landscape of scientific production, offering insights for public health policies and practices aimed at suicide prevention.
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