Keywords
FTO gene
Metabolic syndrome
Obesity
Genetic disease susceptibility
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Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association between FTO gene polymorphisms and clinical outcomes related to metabolic syndrome in diverse human populations. Methods: This is an integrative literature review conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and the Virtual Health Library (VHL), using controlled descriptors and Boolean operators. Studies published between 2014 and 2024 involving human populations in Portuguese, English, or Spanish were included. Selection followed defined criteria, with critical analysis of the collected data. Results: Sixteen studies were analyzed. The rs9939609 (T>A) polymorphism of the FTO gene was the most frequent, strongly associated with increased BMI, central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. SNPs such as rs1421085 (T>C), rs17817449 (T>A, G), and rs8057044 (G>A) also showed clinical relevance in specific populations. Associations varied by ethnicity, sex, and age group. Asian, Latin American, and Middle Eastern populations showed higher prevalence of positive associations. Conclusion: FTO gene polymorphisms are relevant to understanding predisposition to metabolic syndrome. However, methodological heterogeneity and ethnic differences limit the generalization of findings.
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