Keywords
Health education
Child nutrition
How to Cite
Copyright © | All rights reserved.
The journal holds the exclusive copyright for the publication of this article under the terms of Brazilian law 9610/98.
Partial reproduction
The use of parts of the texts, figures and questionnaire of the article is free, being mandatory the citation of the authors and journal.
Total reproduction
It is expressly prohibited and must be authorized by the journal.
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of different health education strategies in promoting extended breastfeeding through a scoping review. Methods: From September to December 2024, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, and SciELO databases by two independent researchers, with no restrictions on language or publication date. Studies were included if they involved pregnant women or mothers of children up to two years of age, assessed exposure to health education interventions related to breastfeeding promotion, and reported outcomes of breastfeeding beyond six months of age. Results: Among 1,459 studies initially identified, nine met the inclusion criteria after all screening phases. These studies evaluated a range of educational strategies, including group sessions, distribution of printed materials, home visits, food preparation demonstrations, and counseling during medical appointments. Among studies with statistical analyses addressing extended breastfeeding outcomes, half demonstrated the effectiveness of the interventions. Conclusion: Health education can increase both breastfeeding initiation and duration, particularly when strategies involve not only mothers but also their family support networks. Further research is needed to address existing knowledge gaps on this topic.
References
AMITAY EL e KEINAN-BOKER L. Breastfeeding and childhood leukemia incidence: a meta-analysis and systematic review. JAMA Pediatrics, 2015; 169: 151025.
BECK AL, et al. A Multimethod Evaluation of the Futuros Fuertes Intervention to Promote Healthy Feeding, Screen Time, and Sleep Practices. Academic Pediatrics, 2023; 23(7): 1351-1360.
BICA OC e GIUGLIANI ERJ. Influence of Counseling Sessions on the Prevalence of Breastfeeding in the First Year of Life: A Randomized Clinical Trial with Adolescent Mothers and Grandmothers. Birth, 2014; 41(1): 24-30.
BORTOLINI GA e VITOLO MR. The impact of systematic dietary counseling during the first year of life on prevalence rates of anemia and iron deficiency at 12-16 months. Jornal de Pediatria, 2012; 88(1): 33-9.
CHAVES R G, et al. Fatores associados com a duração do aleitamento materno. Jornal de Pediatria, 2007; 83: 241–6.
CHIPOJOLA R, et al. Effectiveness of theory-based educational interventions on breastfeeding self-efficacy and exclusive breastfeeding: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 2020; 109: 103675.
DEARDEN K, et al. The impact of mother-to-mother support on optimal breast-feeding: a controlled community intervention trial in peri-urban Guatemala City, Guatemala. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 2002; 12(3): 193-201.
DEONI S, et al. Early nutrition influences developmental myelination and cognition in infants and young children. NeuroImage, 2018; 178: 649–59.
HAROON S, et al. Breastfeeding promotion interventions and breastfeeding practices: a systematic review. BMC Public Health, 2013;13(3): 20.
HAUCK Y e DIMMOCK JE. Evaluation of an information booklet on breastfeeding duration: a clinical trial. Journal of advanced nursing, 1994; 20: 836-843.
HORTA BL, et al. Long-term Consequences of Breastfeeding on cholesterol, obesity, Systolic Blood Pressure and Type 2 diabetes: a Systematic Review and meta-analysis. Acta Paediatrica, 2015; 104(467): 30–7.
IP S, et al. Breastfeeding and maternal and infant health outcomes in developed countries. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment, 2007; 153: 1-186.
KAC G, et al. Breastfeeding and postpartum weight retention in a cohort of Brazilian women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2004; 79: 487-93.
KOZACHENKO J, et al. The Association of Longer Breastfeeding Duration and Socioeconomic, Pregnancy, Childbirth and Postpartum Characteristics. Medicina, 2024; 60(5): 792-805.
KRAMER MS, et al. Breastfeeding and child cognitive development: new evidence from a large randomized trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 2008; 65(5): 578-84.
MOHER D, et al. PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for Systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med, 2009; 6: 1000097.
OMS. ORGANIZAÇÃO MUNDIAL DA SAÚDE. Infant and young child feeding. World Health Organization. 2023. Disponível em: https ://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/infant-and-young-child-feeding. Acessa do em: 26 de agosto de 2025.
OMS. Organização Mundial da Saúde. Short-term effects of breastfeeding: a systematic review on the benefits of breastfeeding on diarrhoea and pneumonia mortality. World Health Organization. 2013. Disponível em: https ://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241506120. Acessado em: 26 de agosto de 2025.
PATNODE CD, et al. Interventions to Support Breastfeeding: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA, 2025; 333(17): 1816-30.
PENNY ME, et al. Effectiveness of an educational intervention delivered through the health services to improve nutrition in young children: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 2005; 365: 1863-72.
REA MF. Os benefícios da amamentação para a saúde da mulher. Jornal de Pediatria, 2004; 80(5): 142-146.
SANKAR MJ, et al. Optimal breastfeeding practices and infant and child mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Paediatrica, 2015; 104(467): 3–13.
STERNE JAC, et al. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ, 2019; 366: 4898.
UFRJ. UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO. Aleitamento materno: Prevalência e práticas de aleitamento materno em crianças brasileiras menores de 2 anos 4: ENANI 2019. UFRJ. 2021. Disponível em: https ://enani.nutricao.ufrj.br/index.php/relatorios/. Acessado em: 26 de agosto de 2025.
VICTORA CG, et al. Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. Lancet, 2016; 387(10017): 475-90.
VITOLO MR, et al. Impactos da implementação dos dez passos da alimentação saudável para crianças: ensaio de campo randomizado. Caderno de Saúde Pública, 2005; 21: 1448-57.
ZHANG J, et al. Effectiveness of an educational intervention to improve child feeding practices and growth in rural China: updated results at 18 months of age. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 2013; 9: 118-29.
ZHANG J, et al. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to examine effectiveness of an educational intervention on infant feeding in China. Preventive Medicine, 2009; 49: 529-34.