Keywords
Orthognathic surgical procedures
Minimally invasive surgical procedures
Piezosurgery
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Abstract
Objective: To conduct a bibliometric review of the literature on minimally invasive techniques in orthognathic surgery, investigating the main technologies used, surgical accuracy, clinical outcomes, and their limitations. Methods: Twenty-three articles were selected that addressed minimally invasive orthognathic procedures, analyzing technologies, clinical applications, types of procedures and patient profiles. Results: Orthognathic surgery has evolved with the introduction of technologies such as piezosurgery, endoscopy, and 3D printing, which allow for less invasive and more personalized approaches. Most studies reported a predominance of maxillary procedures (66.7%) and bimaxillary surgeries (33.3%), more frequently performed in young adults aged 15 to 30 years. The results demonstrated benefits such as greater surgical accuracy, shorter hospital stay, faster functional recovery, and reduced postoperative complications, particularly pain and edema. Technologies such as 3D surgical guides and piezosurgery were key contributors to these advances, although limitations remain in complex cases and severe deformities. Conclusions: Minimally invasive techniques in orthognathic surgery represent a significant advancement, offering superior clinical and functional outcomes. However, their application depends on rigorous case selection criteria and appropriate professional infrastructure.
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