Keywords
Ocular Complications
Mechanical Ventilation
Keratitis
Dry Eye
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Abstract
Objective: To investigate the incidence and clinical profile of ocular surface alterations in patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) and to identify associated risk factors. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted between January and April 2025, with 30 adult patients followed from admission to discharge, death, or the 14th day. Ophthalmological evaluations were performed every 48 hours. Statistical analyses used Generalized Linear Mixed Models, with a significance level of 5%. Results: The sample was predominantly composed of women (63.3%), with a median age of 65 years. The most prevalent alterations were chemosis and conjunctival congestion, observed in 75% of patients on the 14th day. Hypolacrimia occurred in up to 50% on the 8th day, remaining in 37.5% thereafter. Length of stay was significantly associated with chemosis, conjunctival congestion, hypolacrimia, and secretion. Mechanical ventilation was associated with chemosis and hypolacrimia, while lower Glasgow scores were associated with chemosis and secretion. Eyelid closure was not significant. Conclusion: Ocular changes, especially chemosis and conjunctival congestion, were frequent in critically ill patients, highlighting the need for preventive protocols and continuous ophthalmological monitoring in the ICU.
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