Keywords
Coronavirus disease 19
Comorbidity
Patient acuity
Mortality
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate, among patients hospitalized for COVID-19, the relationship between risk factors, disease severity, and clinical outcomes. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Gripe), including patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in Passo Fundo, Brazil, between 2020 and 2021. Independent variables included age ≥60 years, obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular, chronic kidney, neurological, and pulmonary diseases, asthma, and other comorbidities. Outcomes assessed were disease severity (length of hospital stay, ICU admission, and invasive ventilatory support) and case evolution (recovery/death). Incidences and relative risks (RR) were estimated with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: The sample included 5,234 patients, of whom 79.3% presented at least one risk factor, mainly advanced age (47%), cardiovascular diseases (36.6%), diabetes mellitus (25.4%), and obesity (14.3%). Most patients (58%, 95% CI 56–59) remained hospitalized for ≥8 days, 34% (95% CI 33–36) required ICU care, 17% (95% CI 16–18) required invasive ventilation, and 27% (95% CI 26–29) died. There was a significant association between risk factors and all outcomes, with increased risk ranging from 9% to 99%. Conclusion: Patients with risk factors for severe COVID-19 developed more severe clinical courses and worse outcomes.
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