Impacts of gastroplasty on oral health

Abstract

Objective: Analyze, through an integrative literature review, the main oral alterations resulting from the post-gastroplasty period, considering their prevalence, associated factors, and implications for patients' oral health. Methods: The search was conducted in the Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, SciELO, and LILACS databases. Articles published between 2020 and 2025, in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, that directly investigated oral alterations in patients undergoing gastroplasty were included. Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: The findings indicated a high prevalence of oral alterations in bariatric patients, especially in the first six to twelve months after the procedure. The most frequent manifestations were hyposalivation, dental erosion, caries, changes in the oral microbiota, and worsening of periodontal conditions. The surgical technique influenced the results: Roux-en-Y bypass was more associated with nutritional deficiencies and gastroesophageal reflux, while the sleeve technique was associated with worse periodontal parameters. Final consideration: Bariatric surgery is associated with a significant set of oral alterations. These results reinforce that patients undergoing bariatric surgery are more vulnerable to periodontal diseases and other conditions that compromise oral health.