Comparison of methods: serology (IgM/IgG) and the rapid urease test (RUT) for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori in adults from Xingu–Pará, brazilian Amazon

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection using serological methods and the Rapid Urease Test (RUT) in adults attending a cardiovascular outpatient clinic with dyspeptic symptoms in the Xingu region. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted between June and October 2025 involving 40 adults (27 men and 13 women) residing in the Xingu region and treated at the cardiology outpatient clinic of a public hospital in Altamira. Infection was diagnosed using serological tests (ELISA for IgM and IgG) and the RUT applied to gastric biopsy samples obtained during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Variables analyzed included sex, age group, place of residence, and basic sanitation conditions, presented as absolute and relative frequencies. Results: The prevalence of H. pylori was higher by IgG serology (65%) compared with RUT (40%). IgM was positive in only 10% of participants. Infection was more frequent among men, particularly those aged 40–49 years, and among urban residents lacking access to treated water and sewage systems, indicating an association with environmental vulnerabilities. Conclusion: IgG serology proved useful as a non-invasive screening method for H. pylori in regions with limited access to invasive diagnostic procedures, such as the Xingu. The findings highlight the need for diagnostic strategies adapted to the local epidemiological context, characterized by poor sanitation and increased risk of exposure to the pathogen.