Application modalities of cupping therapy

Abstract

Objective: To describe the main application modalities of cupping therapy, including techniques, suction intensities, vacuum-generation methods, therapeutic combinations, and indications according to the target population. Literature review: Cupping therapy, originating from Traditional Chinese Medicine, has evolved over time, incorporating different materials, methodological adjustments, and therapeutic purposes. The identified modalities include dry cupping (static and sliding) and wet cupping; light, moderate, and strong suction intensities; vacuum-generation methods using fire, manual pumps, or electric devices; as well as combinations with acupuncture, moxibustion, heated water, and magnetotherapy. Specific applications were also described, such as facial, pedicure, and abdominal cupping. The analysis demonstrates that the different application modalities directly influence the therapeutic effects and the safety of the intervention. Final considerations: Cupping therapy comprises several application modalities that differ in suction methods, techniques employed, intensities, and therapeutic purposes. Structuring these modalities supports clinical practice by providing guidance for selecting the most appropriate and safe technique according to patient needs.