Analysis of the main pediatric emergencies and urgencies in Brazil between 2020 and 2023

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the main pediatric emergencies and urgent cases in Brazil between 2020 and 2023. Methods: An ecological study based on secondary data from DATASUS, encompassing clinical and traumatic causes in different age groups and regions of the country. Results: Clinical emergencies predominated over traumatic ones, with respiratory and gastrointestinal cases being the most prominent. The most frequent traumatic emergencies were falls, especially in the Southeast region, and burns, with a higher incidence in the Northeast and Southeast regions, mainly in children aged 1 to 4 years. There was a significant increase in respiratory cases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Neurological emergencies and arboviruses were also relevant, especially in the Northeast. Socioeconomic inequalities and limitations in access and professional training contributed to worsening the situation. Conclusion: Clinical emergencies surpassed traumatic emergencies in the analyzed period, with respiratory conditions being the most frequent. The findings reinforce the need for standardization of protocols, expansion of professional training, and strengthening of the Emergency and Urgent Care Network, in order to reduce inequalities and improve pediatric outcomes in the country.