Autism through the perspectives of riverine communities in a municipality of the Pará Amazon

Abstract

Objective: To understand the perceptions of parents/guardians of children from riverside communities in Cametá-PA regarding Autism Spectrum Disorder, categorizing their knowledge about the condition and relating it to the cultural particularities of this population. Methods: This is a cross-sectional field study, with descriptive analysis and a qualitative approach to the information. The research was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 80 participants living in riverside communities, using the Fluvial Primary Health Unit as the access point. Data were analyzed using the IRAMUTEQ software and organized based on Bardin’s Content Analysis (1997). Results: For most participants, autism is understood as a childhood disease, mainly caused by genetic factors and complications during pregnancy. The recommended care involved patience, affection, and a favorable environment, although some responses indicated a more rigid approach. Regarding signs, agitated and aggressive behaviors were the most frequently cited. As for healthcare, most respondents would seek hospitals and specialist professionals such as psychologists and neurologists. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of itinerant educational workshops on autism, aiming to increase local knowledge about autism, reduce stigma, and facilitate early diagnosis.