Keywords
Rational use of drugs
Psychopharmacology
How to Cite
Copyright © | All rights reserved.
The journal holds the exclusive copyright for the publication of this article under the terms of Brazilian law 9610/98.
Partial reproduction
The use of parts of the texts, figures and questionnaire of the article is free, being mandatory the citation of the authors and journal.
Total reproduction
It is expressly prohibited and must be authorized by the journal.
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of self-medication with psychotropic drugs among students attending preparatory courses for the ENEM in Goiânia, Brazil. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study, using an online questionnaire applied to 94 students from a private preparatory course (both in-person and online formats). Results: The data showed that 51.1% (48/94) of the students reported using psychotropic drugs without a medical prescription. The most commonly used classes were anxiolytics (52.2%, 36/69) and psychostimulants (39.1%, 27/69), with anxiety being the most frequently reported condition. The majority of participants (73.4%, 69/94) intended to pursue a degree in Medicine. It was observed that, despite 73.4% (69/94) of students reporting awareness of the risks of self-medication, indiscriminate use persisted in 51.1% (48/94) of the students. Conclusion: Self-medication with psychotropic drugs is a concerning issue among pre-university students, highlighting the need for educational actions and public policies aimed at promoting the rational use of medications in this population.
References
ABREU VSM, et al. Risk factors for Central Nervous System drug use among nursing students. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 2022; 75(4).
ALGARNI M, HADI MA, YAHYOUCHE A, et al. A mixed-methods systematic review of the prevalence, reasons, associated harms and risk-reduction interventions of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines misuse, abuse and dependence in adults. J Pharm Policy Pract., 2021 Sep 13; 14(1): 76.
ALMEIDA MC, et al. Prevalence of antidepressant use in Brazil: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2023.
ARAÚJO AF, et al. Automedicação de psicofármacos entre estudantes universitários de odontologia e medicina. Revista Internacional de Educação Superior, 2021; 7: 1-19.
BATISTA JA, et al. Automedicação e Saúde Pública: dimensionamento dos fatores de risco e comportamentos de saúde / Self-medication and Public Health: a study of risk factors and health-related behavior. Saúde e Pesquisa, 2021; 14(1): 9370.
Conselho Federal de Farmácia (CFF) – BRASIL. Uso de Medicamentos – Relatório final. 2022. Disponível em: https://www.cff.org.br/userfiles/file/Uso%2520de%2520Medicamentos%2520-%2520Relat%C3%B3rio%2520_final.pdf
CORRELL CU. Antipsychotic agent side effects: Comprehensive review. JAMA Psychiatry, 2020; 77(3): 342–351.
DE MORAES FM, et al. Associação de estresse ocupacional e uso de psicotrópicos por docentes da área da saúde. Revista Brasileira em Promoção da Saúde, 2019; 32.
DOMINGUES PH, et al. Prevalência e fatores associados à automedicação em adultos residentes no Distrito Federal, Brasil: estudo transversal de base populacional. Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde, 2017; 26(2): 319-330.
ESPAD. ESPAD Report 2019: Results from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs. Publications Office of the European Union, 2020.
GARCIA AL, et al. Self-medication and adherence to drug treatment: assessment of participants of the Universidade do Envelhecer (the University of Aging) program. Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia, 2018; 21(6).
GOODMAN & GILMAN. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 13th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2018.
HILAL-DANDAN R, BRUNTON L. Manual de farmacologia e terapêutica de Goodman & Gilman. 2. ed. Porto Alegre: Grupo A; 2015. cap. 15.
IBGE. Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2019: Percepção do estado de saúde, estilos de vida e doenças crônicas. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; 2020.
MARS B, et al. Antidepressant prescribing and suicide risk in young people. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2018; 5(8): 593–595.
MORGAN HL, et al. Consumo de estimulantes cerebrais por estudantes de medicina de uma universidade do extremo sul do Brasil: prevalência, motivação e efeitos percebidos. Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica, 2017; 41(1): 102-109.
NASARIO BR, MATOS MPP. Uso não prescrito de metilfenidato e desempenho acadêmico de estudantes de medicina. Psicologia Ciência e Profissão, 2022; 42.
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder in adults: management. 2020.
OLFSON M, et al. Trends in mental health symptoms and service use among adolescents and young adults. JAMA Psychiatry, 2020.
PASCOE MC, HETRICK SE, PARKER AG. The impact of stress on students in higher education: a systematic review. Int J Adolesc Youth, 2020; 25(1): 104–112.
SANTOS GF, et al. Uso não prescrito de estimulantes entre estudantes brasileiros: revisão e análise epidemiológica. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, 2021; 24(1).
SCHULENBERG JE, et al. Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975–2020: Volume I, Secondary school students. Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan; 2020.
SILVA RL, et al. Automedicação com psicotrópicos e fatores associados em estudantes pré-vestibulandos. Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica, 2022; 46(4): 1-7.
SJÖBERG RL, et al. Gender differences in psychotropic drug use among adolescents: a systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2021.
TWENGE JM, et al. Age, period, and cohort trends in mood disorder indicators among adolescents and young adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2019.
WHO – World Health Organization. Benzodiazepine dependence: public health challenges. 2019.
WILENS TE, et al. Nonmedical prescription stimulant use in college students: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend., 2018; 187: 196–206.