Protein restriction and liver function: therapeutic and nutritional perspectives of cannabidiol (Cannabis sativa)

Abstract

Objective: To synthesize evidence on the effects of cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound from Cannabis sativa L., as a possible therapeutic strategy to mitigate physiological alterations resulting from protein restriction. Literature Review: Insufficient protein intake is a global problem that compromises the functional integrity of organs involved in digestion and metabolism, including the liver and pancreas. Protein restriction impairs protein synthesis, alters hepatic metabolism, promotes inflammatory processes, and can trigger intestinal dysbiosis. In parallel, Cannabis sativa derivatives, such as CBD, have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and endocannabinoid system modulating properties; this system is widely expressed in the liver and intestine. Experimental evidence indicates that CBD can regulate metabolic signaling pathways, reduce oxidative stress, attenuate intestinal inflammation, and contribute to the balance of the epithelial barrier—aspects frequently compromised in situations of protein restriction. Final considerations: The available findings suggest that cannabidiol has therapeutic potential as a modulator of metabolic and gastrointestinal alterations induced by protein restriction. However, further studies are needed to consolidate its clinical applicability and define doses, mechanisms of action, and long-term safety.